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๐ŸŒธ Japanese Topic 97ไธญ็ดš๐ŸŒป Intermediate

ๅ่ฉžไฟฎ้ฃพ (Noun Modification)

Meishi shushoku

Noun Modification

๐ŸŒป Describing Nouns with Clauses ๐ŸŒป

1

๐Ÿ’ฌ Dialogue

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใŸใ—ใŒ่ฒทใฃใŸๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚

Kore wa, kinou watashi ga katta hon desu.

This is the book that I bought yesterday.

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใฉใ“ใง่ฒทใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

Omoshirosou desu ne. Doko de katta n desu ka?

That looks interesting. Where did you buy it?

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผš้ง…ใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆœฌๅฑ‹ใง่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Eki no chikaku ni aru atarashii hon-ya de kaimashita.

I bought it at the new bookstore that is near the station.

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใใ“ใฏๆœ‰ๅใชไฝœๅฎถใŒใ‚ˆใ่กŒใๅบ—ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

A, asoko wa yuumeina sakka ga yoku iku mise desu yo.

Oh, that is a shop where famous authors often go.

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผšใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใƒใƒŠใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅฅฝใใชๆœฌใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

Sou nan desu ka. Hana-san ga suki na hon mo arimasu ka?

Is that so? Are there also books that you like, Hana?

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใŸใ—ใŒใšใฃใจๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ็ตตๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Hai. Watashi ga zutto sagashite ita ehon ga arimashita.

Yes. There was a picture book that I had been looking for for a long time.

2

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary

5 words
ใ•ใฃใ‹sakkaauthor / writer
ใ•ใŒใ™sagasuto look for
ใˆใปใ‚“ehonpicture book
ใปใ‚“ใ‚„hon-yabookstore
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใชyuumeinafamous
3

โญ Key Sentence

[Short Form Verb/Adj] ๅ่ฉž

[Short Form] Noun

A noun modified by a clause.

  • Pattern: [Clause] + Noun
  • Meaning: The noun that [clause]...
ๆฏใŒไฝœใฃใŸๆ–™็†ใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Haha ga tsukutta ryouri wa oishii desu.

The food that my mother made is delicious.

ใ‚ใŸใ—ใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹็”บใฏ้™ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚

Watashi ga sunde iru machi wa shizuka desu.

The town where I live is quiet.

4

๐ŸŽ“ Explanation

In Japanese, you can describe a noun by placing a sentence (clause) directly before it. This is called Noun Modification.

The verb in the modifying clause must always be in Short Form (Plain Form), regardless of the politeness of the main sentence.

Crucially, the subject of the modifying clause is usually marked with ใŒ (ga) instead of ใฏ (wa).

Kinou katta hon
= 'The book (I) bought yesterday'

Watashi ga suki na hito
= 'The person that I like'

5

๐Ÿ“ Quiz

How do you say 'The book I read'?