🌸 Japanese Topic 92中級🌻 Intermediate

普通形（過去・過去否定）

Futsuukei (Kako / Kako Hitei)

Plain Form (Past / Past Negative)

🌸 Casual Past Tense & Negative Past Tense 🌸

💬 Dialogue

🌸 Casual Past Tense 🌸

ケン：昨日、映画見た？

Kinou, eiga mita?

Did you watch a movie yesterday?

ハナ：ううん、見なかった。忙しかったから。

Uun, minakatta. Isogashikatta kara.

No, I didn't. Because I was busy.

ケン：そうなんだ。昨日のパーティーは楽しかったよ。

Sou nanda. Kinou no paatii wa tanoshikatta yo.

I see. Yesterday's party was fun.

ハナ：いいなあ。料理はおいしかった？

Ii naa. Ryouri wa oishikatta?

Lucky you. Was the food delicious?

ケン：うん、おいしかった。でも、お酒はあまり飲まなかった。

Un, oishikatta. Demo, osake wa amari nomanakatta.

Yeah, it was delicious. But I didn't drink much alcohol.

ハナ：そっか。雨は降らなかった？

Sokka. Ame wa furanakatta?

I see. Did it not rain?

ケン：全然降らなかったよ。いい天気だった。

Zenzen furanakatta yo. Ii tenki datta.

It didn't rain at all. The weather was good.

📖 Vocabulary

5 words

KanaRomajiEnglish

みたmitawatched / saw (plain past)

みなかったminakattadidn't watch / see (plain past negative)

たのしかったtanoshikattawas fun

いそがしかったisogashikattawas busy

ふらなかったfuranakattadidn't rain

⭐ Key Sentence

動詞・形容詞の普通形（過去）

Plain Form (Past / Past Negative)

Casual past tense (did / didn't).

Pattern: 普通形 (Past)
Meaning: Expressing past actions or states in a casual way.

りんごを食べた。

Ringo o tabeta.

I ate an apple.

昨日は行かなかった。

Kinou wa ikanakatta.

I didn't go yesterday.

🎓 Explanation

The Plain Form (Past) is used in casual conversations with friends and family.

For verbs, the past affirmative is the た-form (e.g., tabeta), and the past negative is the なかった-form (e.g., tabenakatta).

For I-adjectives, replace the final 'i' with かった for past (oishikatta) and くなかった for past negative (oishikunakatta).

For Na-adjectives and Nouns, use だった for past and じゃなかった for past negative.

Kinou wa isogashikatta.
= 'I was busy yesterday.'

Sake wa nomanakatta.
= 'I didn't drink sake.'

📝 Quiz