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Lesson 155 / 166
๐ŸŒธ Japanese Topic 155ไธŠ็ดš๐ŸŒณ Advanced

ไฝฟๅฝนๅฝข๏ผˆใ—ใˆใใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰

Shieki-kei

Causative Form

๐ŸŒธ Making or Letting Someone Do Something ๐ŸŒธ

1

๐Ÿ’ฌ Dialogue

้ƒจ้•ท๏ผšไฝ่—คใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅ›ใซใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚

Buchล: Satล-san, kono purojekuto wa kimi ni yarasetai n da.

Sato, I want to let you handle this project.

ไฝ่—ค๏ผš็งใซใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ

Satล: Watashi ni yarasete itadakeru n desu ka? Arigatล gozaimasu!

You'll let me do it? Thank you very much!

้ƒจ้•ท๏ผšใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€็„ก็†ใฏใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚

Buchล: Aa. Demo, muri wa sasenai yล ni ki o tsukeru yo.

Yes. But I'll be careful not to make you overwork.

ไฝ่—ค๏ผšไปฅๅ‰ใฎไผš็คพใงใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฎ‹ๆฅญใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

Satล: Izen no kaisha de wa, mainichi zangyล o saseraremashita kara tasukarimasu.

That helps, because at my previous company, I was made to work overtime every day.

้ƒจ้•ท๏ผšใพใšใฏใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚

Buchล: Mazu wa, chฤซmu no menbฤ ni iken o iwaseru koto kara hajimeyล.

First, let's start by having the team members give their opinions.

ไฝ่—ค๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็š†ใซ่‡ช็”ฑใซ่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚

Satล: Wakarimashita. Minna ni jiyลซ ni kangaesasemasu.

Understood. I will let everyone think freely.

2

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary

5 words
ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹yaraseruto make/let someone do
ใ‚€ใ‚Šใ•ใ›ใ‚‹muri saseruto force someone to overdo it
ใ–ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†zangyลovertime work
ใ„ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹iwaseruto make/let someone say
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹kangaesaseruto make/let someone think
3

โญ Key Sentence

[Person] ใซ [Verb] ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹

[Person] ni [Verb] saseru

To make/let [Person] do [Verb].

  • Pattern: ไฝฟๅฝนๅฝข (Causative Form)
  • Meaning: Indicates forcing someone to do something or giving permission to do something.
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Sensei wa gakusei ni shukudai o sasemashita.

The teacher made the students do homework.

ๆฏใฏๅญไพ›ใซใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Haha wa kodomo ni aisu o tabesasemashita.

The mother let the child eat ice cream.

4

๐ŸŽ“ Explanation

The causative form ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ is used to express two main ideas: coercion (making someone do something) and permission (letting someone do something).

For Group 1 (U-verbs), change the final vowel to 'a' and add seru. For Group 2 (Ru-verbs), replace 'ru' with saseru.

The person being made/allowed to do the action is usually marked with the particle ใซ.

Iku -> Ikaseru
= 'To make/let someone go'

Taberu -> Taberaseru
= 'To make/let someone eat'

5

๐Ÿ“ Quiz

Which sentence means 'I let the child read the book'?