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Lesson 153 / 166
๐ŸŒธ Japanese Topic 153ไธŠ็ดš๐ŸŒณ Advanced

ๅ—่บซๅฝข๏ผˆใ†ใ‘ใฟใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰

Ukemi-kei

The Passive Form

๐ŸŒธ Describing actions from the receiver's perspective ๐ŸŒธ

1

๐Ÿ’ฌ Dialogue

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผš้ƒจ้•ทใซไผš่ญฐใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚’้ ผใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Buchou ni kaigi no shiryou o tanomaremashita.

I was asked for the meeting materials by the manager.

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใซ้“ใ‚’่žใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Taihen desu ne. Watashi wa kinou, shiranai hito ni michi o kikaremashita.

That's tough. Yesterday, I was asked for directions by a stranger.

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผšๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€้›จใซ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

Saikin, ame ni furareru koto ga ooi desu ne.

Lately, we've been getting caught in the rain often, haven't we?

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšใˆใˆใ€‚ๆณฅๆฃ’ใซ่ฒกๅธƒใ‚’็›—ใพใ‚ŒใŸๅ‹้”ใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

Ee. Dorobou ni saifu o nusumareta tomodachi mo imasu yo.

Yes. I also have a friend who had their wallet stolen by a thief.

ใ‚ฑใƒณ๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏ็ฝ้›ฃใงใ—ใŸใญใ€‚็งใฏๆฏใซๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Sore wa sainan deshita ne. Watashi wa haha ni nikki o miraremashita.

That was a disaster. As for me, my diary was seen by my mother.

ใƒใƒŠ๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ

Sore wa hazukashii desu ne!

That is embarrassing!

2

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary

5 words
ใถใกใ‚‡ใ†buchoudepartment manager
ใฉใ‚ใผใ†dorobouthief
ใฌใ™ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹nusumareruto be stolen
ใ‚ใ‚ใซใตใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ame ni furareruto be rained on
ใŸใฎใพใ‚Œใ‚‹tanomareruto be requested/asked
3

โญ Key Sentence

A ใฏ B ใซ V-(ใ‚‰)ใ‚Œใพใ™

A wa B ni V-(ra)remasu

A is (verb)ed by B.

  • Pattern: A ใฏ B ใซ [ๅ—่บซๅฝข]ใ€‚
  • Meaning: A is the recipient of an action performed by B.
็งใฏ็Šฌใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ™›ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Watashi wa inu ni te o kamaremashita.

I was bitten on the hand by a dog.

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏๅคšใใฎไบบใซ่ชญใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Kono hon wa ooku no hito ni yomarete imasu.

This book is being read by many people.

4

๐ŸŽ“ Explanation

The passive form (ๅ—่บซๅฝข) is used when the subject is the receiver of an action. In Japanese, the person performing the action is marked with the particle ใซ.

For Group 1 verbs, change the final 'u' sound to 'a' and add ใ‚Œใ‚‹. For Group 2, replace 'ru' with ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹.

Japanese often uses the 'suffering passive' to express that the subject was negatively affected by an event, such as ame ni furareru (to be rained on).

Sensei ni homeraremashita.
= 'I was praised by the teacher.'

Dareka ni ashi o fumaremashita.
= 'My foot was stepped on by someone.'

5

๐Ÿ“ Quiz

Which sentence means 'I was asked by the manager'?